A 1000-kg truck carrying 500 kg of live pigeons in a sealed cargo compartment pulls up to a weighing...
physics/pigeons New
New entry, edited from material collected for the archive and not yet in a released version.
Problem
A 1000-kg truck carrying 500 kg of live pigeons in a sealed cargo compartment pulls up to a weighing station; if the pigeons fly, can drilling a couple of holes in the compartment reduce the weight? A 1000-kg. truck carrying 500 kg. of live pigeons pulls up to a weighing station. It turns out that the truck is slightly overweight. Wanting to bring the weight down, the driver bangs on the side of the sealed cargo compartment to get the pigeons to fly in the air. (The compartment is 2.5 m. x 10 m. x 4 m.) But then she remembers she tried this once before and it didn't work. Something about the truck's being a "closed system". So she goes to the glove compartment and gets out a battery-operated drill with a 1/4 inch bit. "I'll drill a couple holes into the compartment," she reasons. (Two holes are all she can drill before the battery gives out.) "Then the air inside will become an extension of the outside air; the pigeons will be supported by the atmosphere, not the truck; and the truck's weight will fall to 1000 kg." Is she right? Can she affect the truck's weight at all? Where should she put the holes (if it matters)? What are the consequences for the pigeons? (Thanks to the Oracle, in the person of D. W. Ring, for helping with the quantitative end.) -- Pete Kimball [ Editor: the first paragraph is the editor's summary. ]
Show solution
Yes, it is possible to affect the truck's weight, but the effect would be very slight, not 500kg worth. If one hole is drilled in the bottom of the container and another in the top of the container, then the pigeons' flight will cause a draft of air to enter through the top hole and leave through the bottom hole. This draft will cause a slight lift force, thus reducing the weight of the truck. The bigger the holes, the larger the effect. In fact, if the top and bottom of the container were removed and replaced with a screen to keep the pigeons in, then the effect would come very close to the full 500kg. It would not reach 500kg unless air friction with the sides of the container and the screens is eliminated. Of course, the down draft means that the pigeons must work harder to stay in flight. -- Harold Meder <hwm@brtph257.bnr.ca>