Introduction
This is a hierarchy of types of wordplay. The top level of the
hierarchy comprises "Spelling," "Pronunciation," "Etymology," and
"Meaning", and there are up to five levels below the top level. For
example, the longest word that can be typed on the top row of the
typewriter is listed under "Spelling," "Structure," "Typewriter Order,"
"Entire Word," "typewriter top row," "longest."
Under each wordplay category, there is a list of words, phrases or word
groups that are the best known example of that form of wordplay. These
record-holders have been divided into these classes:
common words
uncommon words
hyphenated words
phrases
hyphenated phrases
The Introduction explains how we determined that a word is common.
Phrases is a catch-all class that in addition to phrases proper
includes contractions, initialisms, words like "86ed" that contain
digits, and other oddities such as "and/or."
A record for a lower class (e.g., uncommon words) is only listed if it
is better than the record for a higher class (e.g., common words). For
example, if there are both common and uncommon palindromes with eight
letters, then only the common one is listed; an uncommon palindrome
would need at least nine letters to be listed.
The class of a word group is the lowest class of any word in it. Thus
if a group contains an uncommon word and nothing from a lower class,
i.e., no hyphenated words or phrases, then it is listed in the uncommon
word class.
The score, if applicable, associated with a record-holding word or word
group follows it and is enclosed in parentheses. This is usually the
number of letters in the word, but depending upon the particular
record, it may be the number of syllables, the number of vowels, the
ratio of selected letters to length, one or more related words, etc.
If there is a tie for the record, the score is followed by "-t," and the
most common words or groups that tie for each record are listed. The
commonality of a word group is the commonality of the least common word
in it. Tying words or phrases are separated by commas; tying groups are
listed on separate lines. Up to six common words or groups are listed;
if there are more than six, five are listed with a count of additional
words. Up to three uncommon words or groups are listed and up to two
for the other classes. If one form of a word is listed (e.g.,
"barbarian"), the other related forms (e.g., "barbarians," "barbaric,"
"barbarism", etc.) are omitted. Thus less than six common words will be
listed if all the other words are forms of the already listed words.
Many word groups are termed "well-mixed." Well-mixed word groups contain
words that do not share any string of four letters. This is done
because there may be larger groups that contain many forms of the same
word, or many identical prefixes or suffixes, etc. Such answers are
not listed since the space could better be used listing more
interesting words.
Sources:
Bnnn = page nnn of Beyond Language, Dmitri Borgmann, Scribner's, 1967
Lnnn = page nnn of Language on Vacation, Dmitri Borgmann, Scribner's, 1965
Mnnn = page nnn of Making the Alphabet Dance, Ross Eckler, St Martin's, 1996
mm-nnn = page nnn of Volume mm of Word Ways (published in year 1967 + mm)
Indices [5-240,11-51,17-179]
Reviews [8-180,9-161,11-74,12-3,83,181,16-35]
Entries may refer to articles in
"Wordplay, A Curious Dictionary of Language Oddities" by Chris Cole,
Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, New York 1999, 191 pages. Introduction by Will Shortz. ISBN 0-8069-1797-0
Contents
- Spelling
- Structure
- Vowels
- Consonants
- Vowel-Consonant Patterns
- Alphabetical Order
- Typewriter Order
- Frequency Order
- Letters Selected from Given Set
- Letter Appearance
- Relations to Other Words
- Pronunciation
- Syllables
- Rhyme
- homophones (words spelled differently but pronounced the same)
- homographs (words spelled the same but pronounced differently)
- Miscellaneous
- Etymology
- Acronyms, anagrams, portmanteaus
- Words with unusual origins
- doublet (completely different words from same root), example of
- most different etymologies
- Homographs, most
- Word formation and history
- Meaning
- Ambiguity
- Synonyms and Antonyms
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Verbs
- Adjectives and Adverbs
- Miscellaneous
- Selected Lists
- Longest Palindrome Beginning with Each Letter
- Longest Palindrome Centered on Each Letter
- Longest Tautonym Beginning with Each Letter
- Longest Head 'n' Tail Beginning with Each Letter
- Longest Head 'n' Tail Centered on Each Letter
- Longest Start and End Prefix Beginning with Each Letter
- Word with the Lowest Ratio Length to Number of Different Letters for Each Length
- Longest Word that Starts and Ends with Each Letter
- Shortest Word that Starts and Ends with Each Letter
- Longest Word Containing One Type of Vowel for Each Vowel
- Longest Word Containing One Type of Consonant for Each Consonant
- Word Spelled with First N Letters for Each N
- Word Spelled with Every Nth Letter in Alphabet for Each N
- Word with Highest Letter Sum for Each Length
- Word with Lowest Letter Sum for Each Length
- Shortest Word with Last Letter Next In Alphabet after First for Each Letter
- Word Containing the Most Repeats of Each Letter
- Word with the Highest Ratio Letter Repeats to Length for Each Letter
- Word with the Most Infrequently Used Letters for Each Length
- Word with the Most Frequently Used Letters for Each Length
- Longest Word with Consecutive Letters Adjacent on Phone Keypad, Beginning with Each Letter
- Word Containing Most Consecutive Letters in the Alphabet after Each Letter
- Word Containing Most Consecutive Letters in Order after Each Letter
- Word Spelled with E Before I, Beginning with Each Letter
- Word Spelled with I Before E after C, Beginning with Each Letter
- Common Words with Unique Ending and Uncommon Partner, for Each Letter
- Longest Word Spelled with One Finger on Typewriter for Each Finger
- Shortest Word for Each Number of Syllables
- Homophones Differing by Each Letter
- Longest One-Syllable Word Beginning with Each Letter
- Longest Two-Syllable Word Beginning with Each Letter
- Longest Word That, When a Letter is Changed, Radically Changes Pronunciation Beginning with Each Letter
- Word That is a Confusing Code for Each Letter
- Word That Begins with Each Silent Letter
- Word That Contains Each Silent Letter
- Word That Ends with Each Silent Letter
- Word That, When a Suffix is Added, Reveals a Silent Letter
- Word with Two Different Pronunciations of Each Letter
- Pronounced Differently When Capitalized, Beginning with Each Letter
- Plural with Same Spelling but Pronunced Differently, Beginning with Each Letter
- Word That Sounds Like Letters, Beginning with Each Letter
- Acronym That Has Become Uncapitalized, Beginning with Each Letter
- Word Created as an Anagram, Beginning with Each Letter
- Trade Name That Has Become Uncapitalized, Beginning with Each Letter
- Word That Exists Only in an Idiom, Beginning with Each Letter
- Word Formed by Borrowing or Lending Letters to Frequent Companions, Beginning with Each Letter
- Portmanteau Beginning with Each Letter
- Self-Antonym Beginning with Each Letter
- Antonym of Two Different Words, Beginning with Each Letter
- Plural That Ends with Each Letter
- False Antonym Beginning with Each Letter
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